Using Literature as a Gateway to Critical Thinking

Sometimes, the groans can be heard clear across a campus, and they resonate in memory for years. When a professor assigns a text for reading, anything from the poem â€Å"Just to say† by William Carlos Williams to Herman Melville’s â€Å"Moby Dick,† the students are rapid to react as if they have been handed a death sentence. In some cases, this is because they have so much their reading on their plates that they just feel overwhelmed, but many times, it is a matter of their previous failures to grasp anything meaningful from a literature assignment. This later is the primary point of importance in continuing to distribute the literature. Many university students lack a fundamental grasp on the tools they require to read and write critically, which in turns leaves them without the ability to think and reason in logical and critical terms. The influence of critical thinking on the success of a student at the university level is undeniable.   It will influence how well they comprehend the texts in front of them. It will affect the way in which they can relate one text to another across classroom and semester borders. It will also have a great effect in the way in which they can communicate their ideas to both their peers and their instructors. The way in which a student learns to read and produce written work will be the fundamental core of their language and communication abilities without regard to area of specialization. This learning begins very early in childhood. Learning to read as a child one develops a sense that the author is the beginning and end of the page, and the words used are there for the sole purpose of the surface story. Once a student is capable of surpassing this stage and he or she begins to consider the works on a deeper philosophical level the real learning begins. The student will begin reading for more than simple content and an entire new world will open up full of possibilities. Many students will never learn to recognize the deeper or more subtle meaning in many of the texts unless they are first exposed to it in literature.   Poetry is exceptionally useful for this purpose. The allusions, worked in through metaphor, simile, and symbolism, give a deeper insight to the position of the author from the outset. The famous lines of â€Å"This is Just to Say† by William Carlos Williams provides an excellent example for this type of inquiry: I have eaten the plums that were in the icebox and which you were probably saving for breakfast Forgive me they were delicious so sweet and so cold If five students are asked what the narrator is really speaking about, the instructor will likely get five, or more, differing opinions. The poem may be about real plums.   The poem may be about the consumption of personal space or time.   The poem may be speaking on the conceit that obtaining forgiveness for acting may be earier to obtain than permission. These tools allow the student to understand there is a greater depth to the approach than the simple words on the page as a literal expression of a real object, place, or person. At the same time, these keys offer a new light on the author’s angle of approach. Knowing where the author is coming from helps to weed out fallacious arguments, personal vendettas, and even suppositions masquerading as facts. While others ideas can help a reader to formulate their own intellectually sound opinions, those ideas will only be as firmly grounded as the foundation of facts they are based on. The number of times that something is presented as a fact, only to turn out to be an opinion may really shock and surprise many of the students who are used to opening a text for a class and consuming what is before them for regurgitation. This technique is particularly well suited to high schools where the teacher to student ratio often precludes discussion. When the students then have to begin seeking out secondary sources and turn to the internet for information they will have to confront decisions on what is ‘good information’ versus ‘bad information.’ They will not even be able to be certain that newspaper articles and TV shows presented as news are giving them the honest facts. Looking at headlines on the internet, with a tool such as Google News, you can instantly see how word choices affect the entire tone of a story and change meaning dramatically even when reporting on the same incident. By giving students the tools they need to think critically, through the exploration of literature, the universities will begin to overcome the most common objections to much of the assigned reading. These students will begin, and continue, to question even those facts and ideas that appeal to them. This will give them the ability to construct strong and fair opinions of their own. It will lead them to be more cautious when writing papers for any number of disciplines. Not only will they have the moral stamina to stand up for their opinions, they will be certain that their opinions and statements are both fully realized and backed up with good documentation. The trouble with literature in the classrooms is not in the amount of time spent on literature itself, but on the lack of time spent on discussing the literature to bring about these changes to the culpabilities of the students as critical thinkers. Just reading it is not good enough.   In order to derive a benefit which will deepen the experience of education, and therefore contribute more effectively to the community, the time must be taken to teach explication as well as construct. Defining the importance of literature for the students and then perusing the matter if educating with it as a matter of common course is imperative to the end result of a well educated individual. These individuals will return more to society than what they take from it. In order the continue to chip away at the disparity between classes, races, and even genders, it is important to continue to train students who will think and reason in logical and critical terms through the ability to read and write critically. Literature is as imperative as resource as the air they breathe.

Aproaches to learning †Theories of learning styles and learning strategies Essay

Kolb (1984), in introducing the idea of the experiential learning cycle and of learning styles, defines learning as the process whereby â€Å"knowledge is created through the transformation of expertise†. He suggests that ideas are not fixed but are formed and modified through current and past experiences. His learning cycle consists of four stages; completing each stage is important to improve learning in the next stage : Active Experimentation (The learner actively uses the theories formed and also tries them in new situations. The latter takes him back to the start of the cycle. ) – Concrete Experience (The learner is encouraged to become involved in new experiences. ) – Reflective Observation (The learner reflect on his experience from different perspective. Enough time and supportive feedback is helpful in this stage. ) – Abstract Conceptualisation (The learner forms ideas and logical theories. ) Of course, not everyone acts in the same way, some prefer considering all possible alternatives whilst others like trying out as much as possible. Hence, Kolb associated four learning styles with his learning cycle: the Converger, who applies ideas in a practical way, the Accommodator, who carries out plans and tasks involving him in new experiences, the Diverger, who has good imagination and ideas, and finally the Assimilator, who creates theoretical models. Kolb also points out that learning styles are not fixed personality traits but relatively stable patterns of behaviour. Based on Kolb’s model Honey and Mumford (1992) developed a similar model with new terms for Kolb’s learning preferences (Honey and Mumford terms in brackets): Active Experimentation (Activist) – Concrete Experience (Pragmatist) – Reflective Observation (Reflector) – Abstract Conceptualisation (Theorist) According to Honey and Mumford four learning styles can be distinguished: the Activist, the Pragmatist, the Reflector, and the Theorist: Activist’s strengths: – Acting quickly; interested in actually doing things – Putting ideas into action Activist’s weaknesses – Lack of planning and attention to detail – Unlikely to consider many alternatives Pragmatist’s strengths – Integrating theory and practice. – Testing things out to get correct solutions Pragmatist’s weaknesses – Lack of imagination – Impatient – Not interested in concepts and theories Reflector’s strengths: – Collecting data from variety of sources – Reflecting on experiences Reflector’s weaknesses: – Needs a lot of time before he is able to start – Dislike precise instructions Theorist’s strengths – Creating theoretical models – Paying attention to detail and systematic analysis Theorist’s weaknesses – Overcautious – Relies on logic and usually does not trust feelings – Needs a stated purpose. Honey and Mumford developed a Learning Styles Questionnaire to be used as a checklist to identify one’s learning preference. Kolb states the combination of all four learning forms produces the highest level of learning by allowing more powerful and adaptive forms of learning to emerge. But still, there is the danger of labelling people as ‘theorists’ or ‘pragmatists’ although most people exhibit more than one strong preference. To overcome this problem other theorists, e. g. Schmeck (1988) and Entwistle (1998), use the expression ‘learning strategy’ which also includes personal traits. According to them people can not be labelled because they usually react flexibly on learning, depending on the expected outcome: A student may read a book about the British history because he is actually interested in or because he needs to read it to pass an exam. Either way involves learning, but in the second case the student is unlikely to take notes about facts he is interested in but those the tutor may ask. Bibliography: Bendrey, M. et al (1996), Accounting and Finance in Business. London: Continuum. Cottrell, S. (2003) The Study Skills Handbook. New York: Palgrave Macmillian. Entwistle, N. (1998) Styles of Learning and Teaching. London: David Fulton Publishers. Brown, R. and Hawksley, B. (1996) Learning skills, studying styles and profiling. Dinton: Mark Allen Publishing. Honey, P. and Mumford, A. (1992) The manual of learning styles, Maidenhead: Peter Honey Publications Ltd. Honey, P. and Mumford, A. (2000) The learning styles helper’s guide. Maidenhead: Peter Honey Publications Ltd. Kolb, D. A. (1984) Experiential learning: experience as the source of learning and development. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.

Hijab and Islam Essay

There are so many topics in Islam that fascinate me but the one that always inquires my desire to learn more is the topic of women and Hijab. There are many views with regard to Hijab in Islam from the Muslims themselves. The issue of Hijab can be analyzed from several perspectives. Firstly, the Islamic view on Hijab, the importance and benefits to society at large and the world view of Hijab and the women wearing Hijab living in the Western hemisphere. However, some Muslim women believe that the wearing of the Hijab is the right and the choice of the Muslim woman. They are not forced or pressured to wear a veil and they are not forced to cover their hair when they are around men that are not their Mahrrams (men that they are able to marry). Muslim women believe that Allah has ordered all females after the age of puberty to wear the Hijab and that it is an obligation from the Lord. As any other obligation in Islam such as praying five times a day, fasting in the month of Ramadan, pilgrimage to Mecca, wearing the Hijab also is compulsory on all women. There are no excuses or allowances for certain women to wear or not to wear. The issue of choice is not entertained by these Muslim feminists. Sometimes what happens is that when a woman decides to wear the Hijab, there are members in the family that disagree. The main reason for disagreeing is the fact that these family members feel that these women will be tormented in society and that they will not find a good job or husband. Little do these ignorant people know. I say to them, please have faith in the All Merciful and All Knower, he will take care of those that strive to get closer to him. Allah enjoins on His believers tasks that He knows are not beyond their capacity a nd endurance. He knows that a strong and dedicated Muslim woman will put all her effort in trying to wear the Hijab and will try and support herself in this wonderful religious act that she alone chose for the only purpose of pleasing her Lord. Every Muslim woman wearing or starting to wear the Hijab should equip herself with the right information in order to answer to inquisitive questions from non-Muslims. Often times many Muslim sisters in Islam are not properly encouraged once they begin to observe the requirements of Hijab. It may be that a sister has been obliged to wear the Hijab without truly pondering over its superiority. Perhaps she has reached the age of puberty and her Wali (guardian) has instructed her to wear it. Perhaps she has  recently reverted to the Islamic religion and her Muslim friends have informed her of the importance of Hijab or even more common is perhaps her husband has commanded her to wear Hijab. What ever the issue or reason behind this endeavor, a Muslim woman who does not truly know the superiority of Hijab will always remain jealous of the women of the Kuffar. Why? Because they see these misguided women looking beautiful for all to see. Hence, the Muslim woman then compares herself to that woman which causes her to feel ashamed of her own Hijab. Therefore, Muslim women need to encourage each other and remind each other that they are indeed beautiful and above all protected from the evil eyes of the Non-Muslims and particularly the men. These Muslim women need to remember that they are struggling but that they are beautiful and Allah will reward them in this world and also more importantly in the Hereafter. However, to the West, the Muslim women wearing Hijab, to them, is a sign of oppression. The West believes that the religion is forcing the women to lose their identity and their independence by having them cover up and dress modestly and beautifully. But we, as Muslims, say that the women are liberated and gain even more independence by wearing the Hijab and by respecting their religious duties. Women in Islam can work, study, start a business and perform or engage in any work or leisure activity while beautifully dressed in her Hijab. Therefore, Muslims don’t need pity from any one; they don’t need understanding or a should to cry on simply because they are independent, happy, strong women that chose to follow the teachings of their religion. Because of this decision, the non-Muslims should at least respect that much in these women and give them credit of being steadfast and determined. To promote the overall well being of the Muslim woman, some contemporary educators and scholars such as Qasim Amin, a pro-Western Egyptian journalist, lawyer, and politician in the last century wanted to bring Egyptian society from a state of â€Å"backwardness† into a state of â€Å"civilization† and modernity. He strongly objected to the hijab. He said that it is because of the Hijab that Muslim women are ignorant, superstitious, anemia and even premature aging of the Muslim women. He believed women should get away from this backward form of living and become modernized by removing the hijab and conforming to society at large. He  insisted as much on the woman’s right to mobility outside the home as he did on the adaptation of shar’i Islamic garb, which would leave a woman’s face and hands uncovered. Women’s domestic seclusion and the face veil, then, were primary points in Amin’s attack on what was wrong with the Egyptian social system of his time. Muhammad Abdu tried to restore the dignity to Muslim woman by way of educational and some legal reforms, the modernist blueprint of women’s Islamic rights eventually also included the right to work, vote, and stand for election-that is, full participation in public life. He separated the forever-valid-as-stipulated laws of ‘ibadat (religious observances) from the more time-specific mu’amalat (social transactions) in Qur’an and shari’a, which latter included the Hadith as one of its sources. Because modern Islamic societies differ from the seventh-century umma, time-specific laws are thus no longer literally applicable but need a fresh legal interpretation (ijtihad). What matters is to safeguard â€Å"the public good† (al-maslah al’-amma) in terms of Muslim communal morality and spirituality. Shaykh Muhammad al-Ghazali in his book Sunna Between Fiqh and Hadith said that those who claim that women’s reform is conditioned by wearing the veil are lying to God and his Prophet. He expresses the opinion that the contemptuous view of women has been passed on from the first jahiliya (the Pre-Islamic period) to the Islamic society. Al-Ghazali’s argument is that Islam has made it compulsory on women not to cover their faces during the pilgrimage and prayers, the two important pillars of Islam. If women in these two very important rituals do not cover their faces, then how is it that they are to do so for other mundane things? He went on to say that all the aspects of Islam that emphasizes that women stay home and not be part of society are the remains of the time of ignorance or ‘Asr Al-Jahiliya. Al-Ghazali says that during the time of the Prophet women were equals at home, in the mosques and on the battlefield. Today true Islam is being destroyed in the name of Islam. Another Muslim scholar, Abd al-Halim Abu Shiqa wrote a scholarly study of women in Islam entitled Tahrir al-mara’a fi ‘asr al-risalah: (The Emancipation of Women during the Time of the Prophet). In his study, Abu Shiqa agrees with al-Ghazali about the discrepancy between the status of women during the time of the Prophet Muhammad and the status  of women today. He says that Islamists have made up sayings which they attributed to the Prophet such as ‘women are lacking both intellect and religion’ and in many cases they brought sayings, which are not reliable at all and promoted them among Muslims until they became part of the Islamic culture. Abu Shiqa also commented that in many third world countries, sayings of the Prophet are fabricated in order to provide support and evidence that are important to that particular society. He argues that it is the Islamic duty of women to participate in public life and in spreading good (Sura Tauba, Aya 71). He also agrees with Zin al-Din and Ghazali that hijab was for the wives of the Prophet and that it was against Islam for women to imitate the wives of the Prophet. If women were to be totally covered, why did God ask both men and women to lower their gaze? (Sura al-Nur, Ayath 30-31). Islam is a religion that believes in fairness and justice. Islam does not only look at women as the ones that need to be protected, but Islam makes it compulsory that the men also lower their gaze when walking near Muslim women that are not their mahrams. This also enjoins on the men to respect the women and to treat them with dignity and respect. Islam’s desire is to protect women from bad situations such as female infanticide, unlimited polygamy etc and to uphold the dignity and respect for the Muslim woman. However the main purpose is to establish the equality of man and woman in the sight of God who created them both in like manner, from like substance, and gave to both the equal right to develop their own potentialities. Thus Islam is a religion that wants all the Muslims, men and women, to become free, rational people. Thus the Qur’an liberated the women from the indignity of being sex objects into persons. In turn the Qur’an asks the women that they should behave with dignity and decorum befitting a secure, Self-respecting and self-aware human being rather than an insecure female who felt that her survival depends on her ability to attract or cajole those men who were interested not in her personality but only in her sexuality. One of the verses in the Qur’an protects a woman’s fundamental rights. Aya 59 from Sura al-Ahzab reads: O Prophet! Tell Thy wives And daughters, and the Believing women, that They should cast their Outer garments over Their Persons (when outside): That they should be known (As such) and not Molested. Although this verse is directed in the first place to the Prophet’s â€Å"wives and daughters†, there is a reference also to â€Å"the  believing women† hence it is generally understood by Muslim societies as applying to all Muslim women. According to the Qur’an the reason why Muslim women should wear an outer garment when going out of their houses is so that they may be recognized as â€Å"believing† Muslim women and differentiated from streetwalkers for whom sexual harassment is an occupational hazard. The purpose of this verse was not to confine women to their houses but to make it safe for them to go about their daily business without attracting unwholesome attention. By wearing the outer garment a â€Å"believing† Muslim woman could be distinguished from the others. In societies where there is no danger of â€Å"believing† Muslim being confused with the others or in which â€Å"the outer garment† is unable to function as a mark of identification for â€Å"believing† Muslim women, the mere wearing of â€Å"the outer garment† would not fulfill the true objective of the Qur’anic decree. In conclusion, it is very clear that Islam is a religion of just, peace and fairness to all the believers. Hijab in Islam is compulsory and is required for all women after the age of puberty. It is a scarf or head gear that is a symbol of Islam but is also a symbol, to Muslim women, of independence, respect and freedom to live in any society. Islam places women on a pedestal and protects their rights and position in Islam. Women are not forced to cover nor are they second-class citizens in Islam. However, Muslims associate the hijab with all that is positive, strong and respectful.

Gibbs Reflection Model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Gibbs Reflection Model - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that reflection is an introspective study not only about ourselves but also about the decisions and actions we pursue. Reflection is crucially important in various areas of study or in the workplace to help us to reflect on our thoughts and actions which would, in turn, facilitate improvement through assessment. Reflection can be defined in many different ways – For example, Boud aptly defines reflection as ‘an important human activity in which people recapture their experience, think about it, mull it over and evaluate’. In the context of learning, reflection is viewed as a term in which people can assess their experiences.In the opinion of Margaret, it is suggested that reflection allows the interconnections between observations, previous experiences, and judgment to come to the fore in clinical decision-making. Reflection serves to bring insightful meaning to our experiences and promotes a deeper understanding and bet ter approach to learning because it encourages trainees to reframe problems, questions their own assumptions, and look at situations from multiple perspectives as they analyze their lived experiences. Reflection fosters lifelong learning because it encourages trainees to recognize gaps in their own knowledge and attend to their own learning needs by searching for possible solutions. From a learning point of view, we understand that reflection enables learners to reflect and develop critical thinking skills which are not only important but essential to clinical decision-making and practice. It also encourages learners to take control of their own learning needs, facilitating their professional development, problem-solving, and lifelong learning. The use of journal writing as a means of promoting reflection and learning in educational settings has been widely advocated

Integrated Technology Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Integrated Technology Systems - Essay Example However, humanity is developing ever since the first dawn of jungle life when humans were living in caves and eating raw flesh of animals and they used leaves to cover their bodies but one thing they had in common with modern man and it was the urge to develop and grow into better beings. This need helped them in the conquest of building agricultural societies which finally gave birth to industrialized cities and the most advanced form of civilization exists in the form of knowledge communities of the west and all advancement is being considered as the result of the need of humans to experience betterment (Peck, 2005). Wright brothers developed first working model of an aeroplane which was in fact based on the theoretical work of Leonardo Di Vinci and currently same principles are refined in order build planes like Boeing 777 that have a wing span of more than 200 feet. The development is the essence of human existence and therefore, evolution always remained a defining attribute of human race. The climatologists are always remained interested in gauging climate change, rain and wind speed. In early days of the field, raw footers were used in order to measure the level of rainfall and with the passage of time; humans developed more sophisticated means to do that. Again the process of evolution kicked in and scientists effectively developed new measures for gauging rainfall. However, the basic principles remained the same but techniques changed dramatically over the past few decades. Even in the modern age of the 21st century, weather experts are measuring rainfall in millimetres and centimetres. The main idea of scientific development is to minimize the level of human effort needed to get the job done. The concepts remain the same and means of applying them change as world clock moves forwards (Kemp, 1994). The conventional methods of measuring rainfall were crude and these were more

When I was Puerto Rican, by Esmeralda Santiago Essay

When I was Puerto Rican, by Esmeralda Santiago - Essay Example It is clear why the book When I was Puerto Rican has made it onto the bestseller list. Esmeralda Santiago opens up places in our minds by using descriptive narration. It is also a book that reaches out to all cultures as people from different cultures can find something to associate with. The eldest of 11 children Esmeralda Santiago (nicknamed: Negi) grew up in Puerto Rico. At age 13 her single mother moved the family to Brooklyn. Esmeralda was accepted in New York High School of Performing Arts after having only learnt English for two years. She studied in Harvard University and graduated with honors. She received her Masters' Degree from Sarah Lawrence College. She and her husband founded the award wining film and production company Contomedia. Her prestige also lies in the vast amount of dedication she has shown by working with victims of domestic violence. In this same spirit of giving she is also prided for her assistance in founding the Massachusetts based shelter for women and a Youth Service Center. When I Was Puerto Rican is a personal recollection of growing up and having to live in the ever-changing world due to hopes and dreams that need to be fulfilled. It highlights the issues that were important in the author's life, especially in her childhood.

Media Entertainment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Media Entertainment - Essay Example This report declares that the purpose of media entertainment is to, simply put, entertain the masses. The various mediums of media offer different experiences, allowing everyone to have more than a couple of options of how to be entertained. Music entertainment exists for people who only want to please their sense of hearing; for people that like to sing along with their music, it also offers them the chance to engage with this form of entertainment. Television shows and movies provide people with the opportunity to watch various exploits as if viewing from the sidelines. Video games all people to actually engage with the storyline of their entertainment. For those that like to watch or listen to news broadcasts or sporting events, they can do so without having to leave their home. There is a form of media for everyone. This paper explores that the various functions of media entertainment encompass various ways to entertain and inform people. Though there are people that believe the media will be the downfall of intelligence in children and the human race as a whole, studies have shown that being subjected to media entertainment, regardless of the medium, can help a person to become well rounded and cultured, as they are experiences different life events, situations, and artistic expression via the media. However, to make the learning experience more enjoyable, the media really has to play up on the entertaining aspects of their entertainment. Likewise, the entertaining aspects of the media also need to be as such to attract various audiences and to bring them coming back for more.

The Superiority Complex Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Superiority Complex - Essay Example The article is a good one and is not biased in any way. It explains why people succeed in life and give reasons as to why others do not. The writer is precise in putting across her message to the audience on the required traits needed for anyone who wishes to succeed. This is a sign to show that anyone with a mission to succeed will achieve his goal if only he is determined.America has been in the forefront to fight racial prejudice and the writer joins hands by way of placing her audience in a single platform informing them of her advice to them despite of the difference in culture or origin. It is a high time that people look beyond their skin colour and base their personality on their ability in the society. Blame games based on racial grounds has no place in the modern society. She gives examples of people from other races that were despised on racial grounds, but have since leant in overcoming the inferiority within them, developed self control and have no more feeling of insecu rity.Suketu Mehta is said to have made a significant impact in the social life of Americans. She is a US citizen but has her origin in India. She is among the discriminated individuals, but one thing she has done is to surpass the challenges and leads a successful life. The history of America has cases of racial prejudice and the government is fighting to eliminate the menace. Her impact in helping hand towards the progress is a matter that will be appreciated by generations to come. Her article clearly illustrates her role in the fight.

Database Inventory Computer Sciences Research Paper

Database Inventory Computer Sciences - Research Paper Example The types of interactions can be categorized into four main groups. These are; data maintenance, data definition, data retrieval, as well as data control. So many factors are at play when choosing which type of database system to use when developing a system. The article we look at highlights some of these factors; which will form the basis for the discussion on database systems of this paper. EXPLANATION OF PAPER Database Buyer's Guide Conclusion: Which Database Is Best for You? (2011, October 27). Retrieved March 4, 2012, from Database Journal: http://www.databasejournal.com/features/which-database-is-best-for-you.html This article is a form of guide to be used by customers looking to find the best database to use or to implement a system on; it highlights the pros as well as the cons of the different types of relational database management systems. From the pros and the cons, the customers are able o gauge which relational database management system best suits their needs as well as preferences as far as database management system is concerned. It lists a complete range of database management systems; from web enabled database management systems, desktop DBMSs, cloud DBaaS, and other open source database management options. There are server options as well. ... It then went on to provide a summary of the pros and cons; the advantages and the disadvantages of having or opting for the certain types of the given types of database systems in the market today. The beginning of the article highlights desktop databases and the people who use them. As indicated in the article, this type of databases are mainly popular with small enterprise businesses. This is because they are cheaper than the other types of database systems and are also suitable for the non-interactive, and also the single user batch processes for web applications. The main players in this niche of the databases market are Lotus Approach, FileMaker Pro, and lastly, Microsoft Access. The advantages of these types of database systems is that they are not expensive; they are estimated to cost somewhere in the hundreds of dollars. This is much unlike the other types of database systems which go for as much as thousands of dollars. Additionally, they have graphical user interfaces for e asy interaction with the users. They are also easy to scale in the future; if the need ever arises. As for the cons, they are said to be lacking in security, they do not also work well when users become many; they are easily overloaded and crash under this kind of pressure. Next, the article looks at the pros and cons of server databases. These are the heavy-duty type of servers. These work well with applications like electronic commerce sites. These are multi-user applications. Microsoft and Oracle databases companies mainly sell these types of database systems. They are Oracle databases, and Microsoft SQL Server. The main advantage for this category of databases is that they store a huge chunk of data; as much as millions of terabytes of data. They

Exp Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Exp - Essay Example Using gloves during the collection of the diphenylmethanol, 30g of crushed ice was placed in a 250mL beaker, and 3mL of concentrated HCL was then carefully added to the frozen water. The reaction mixture was then slowly poured into the acid in the fumehood very carefully so as to avoid foaming over. The solid product was collected by suction filtration, and the crystals were washed twice with 15mL of ice-cold water. The crystals were dried thoroughly to avoid recrystallisation due to hexane being immiscible with water. Once dried, the crude product was weighed, and a crude yield was calculated. 0.1 of the crude product was then placed aside for later TLC analysis. During the third stage, the crude product was recrystalised from hexane. Care was taken not to use too much solvent, and because hexane is flammable and has a low boiling point, the hot plate settings were kept below maximum in order to minimise the risk of fire. The purified diphenylmethanol was then collected, and its mass was determined once dry. The percentage recovery of the recrystallisation and the overall yield of the reaction were both calcuated. 0.1g of the recrystallised product was kept aside for later TLC analysis. The melting point of the recrystallised material was now able to be determined at some point, or else during the next stage. For the TLC analysis, solutions were prepared of benzophenone, crude diphenylmethanol, and recrystallised diphenylmethanol, by dissolving 0.1g of solid in 1 ml of dichloromethane. It was recommended to use vials instead of test tubes for this purpose. The eluant for developing the TLC was 1 mL of ethyl acetate dissolved in 5 mL of ligroin, and 12mL of this eluant was required. The TLC was spotted with the three solutions and the plate developed. The spots were then circled under the UV lamp, and the Rf values were

Put the best subject you fell its good Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Put the best subject you fell its good - Essay Example The film portrays mistreatment due to sexual orientation and gender. In the film, Brandon had not accepted herself as a girl and she groomed herself as a man and even dressed like a man. Before being raped, Brandon had declined Lotter’s love advances and this led Lotter together with Marvin to rape her at Nebraska (Pierce, 1999).The two men before had trailed Brandon to the bathroom and assaulted her by hitting her in the head and ribs. The two men seemed not happy with her sexual orientation to the extent that they pulled her pants and underwear down in front of people for everyone to see her true identity (Pierce, 1999). In fact, after beating her, Lotter and Marvin sliced their initials on her face to show male dominance and to portray her as weak. The two men also delight in revealing the genitals of Brandon. The film shows the two men pulling Brandon out to their vehicle, drove to a remote area and raped her. It is also after this rape that they brutally beat her and told her not to tell anyone (Pierce, 1999). When she went to report the matter to the police, the police asked her about the turn of events. It is these proceedings that show absence of diversity due to mistreatment because of sexual orientation (Pierce, 1999). Additionally, when Brandon went to record a statement with the authorities, Deputy Laux asked her why she dressed like a man and socialized with women and not men. Brandon felt that she was not being treated equally and she cancelled her follow-up appointments with the Deputy (Pierce, 1999). Some of these diversity issues presented in this film can have detrimental effects on the society. Discrimination against sexual orientation is particularly damaging and can be the root cause of other evils within the society. Through reference to the Boys Don’t Cry film, discrimination against an individual may have physical and emotional impact on the affected individuals. This may leave

Media review Essay Example for Free

Media review Essay My practical production magazine Real is of the lifestyle genre, I looked at magazines like Now and Heat for inspiration for my magazine. With the lifestyle genre I am looking to put a mixture of real life stories and celebrity gossip in my magazine as these are the main connotations found in this genre. My target audience for my magazine is mainly aimed towards females aged 16-40 as this is a very popular target area and their basic interests and attraction to a magazine is easy to create. The magazine has fewer longer articles and more images and shorter texts as most of the people who read these magazines are on the move or dont have time to read through lots of articles and would prefer to flick through a magazine and still be able to pick up of the moment gossip or amazing true stories. My font cover is bright and bold to stand out to the reader. The name Real is used, as these are real stories and real gossip so the readers will have trust in the magazine to be truthful. The name is in black bold and is bigger than the other fonts on the page to make it seem more important. Also real the issue number, price, and website are drawn out from the rest of the magazine as they are in a pink text box outlined in black. I did this to draw attention to the name of the magazine and other vital information. My main story is about Jennifer Aniston and as the story is about Jennifer Aniston going through a hard time the image of Jennifer is of her looking quite sad and heartbroken to get sympathy of the reader. My headline for the main story is Jennifer Aniston Exclusive I put this because Jennifer Aniston is a huge star and people worldwide know about her so having her name on my magazine will attract people to read it. Also because Exclusive portrays that this is the only magazine that will have this information that again will invite readers to pick up the magazine. One of the other stories on my page is of a private interview with Paul Walker. This interview will interest readers as it is with a famous Hollywood actor and also because the interview is private it will attract people as it gives the impression the information will be more intimate and more private. My other two stories are of everyday people bringing in the more true life into the magazine. The stories are about people who have had difficulties with their relationships. I chose Gay boyfriend abandoned me when I was 8 months pregnant and My boyfriend cheated on me with my mum as these are stories that will shock readers and attract sympathy. The straight to the point shocking quotes I used will leave people wanting to read more. A lot of the audience I chose like to hear about tragedy and heartbreak which is why every story on my front page is upsetting and sad. The colours I chose for the front page are pink, red, white, black and blue as these are colours that stand out and make an impact on the magazine. I chose bright bold colours for my contents page to make the magazine seem more inviting. I used a black font in my columns of the contents page to make it clearer to read and easy to follow. The page numbers are in bold as this is vital information. The word contents is in red with a shadow effect to make it stand out, and the Real in its pink text box outlined in black is in the corner to remind readers of the magazine they are reading. I have a picture of Paris Hilton in the top right corner underneath the Real logo to show what is in the magazine; this image is suitable as it refers to an interview with Paris in the magazine. The points on the contents page are of different stories, gossip and competitions which attract the target audience I have chosen. My main article is about Paris Hilton a well known heiress who is often in the papers this will attract readers as Paris is getting into lots of trouble and people like to hear about her. I chose a stylish picture of Paris along with the heading Paris Hilton my secret confessions as this will make the reader want to find out more. Secret confessions sounds like shes only telling this magazine which will make the readers more interested in reading it. I chose some darker colours with white and black to make it more stylish, serious and simple as this was the atmosphere of the interview. I used questions in the interview that people would be interested in such as her career, love life, and enemies. At the end of the article I put the website for Real magazine so people will be encouraged to look up the website and find out more. There were few technical problems with my magazine. Sometimes it was difficult to arrange images or text in the right way, I spent a long time on my front page getting it to look right. Images were also an issue as many I found werent the right size or were filtered. It was difficult to find an image to go with the emotion or atmosphere of the interview/article. I was quite happy with my contents page and main article as I spent a long time on them and I thought they came out well. I wish that I had found better images foe my front page to make it look more professional and better laid out. My advert was easy and simple to do but it would have been nice to find images and text that go together better than the ones I used. I could have improved my practical production with more time and better resources and thats what I would do if I were to do it again, attempt more work on different computers, look at more magazines and spend more time on it. Overall I am happy with the work Ive done, I think I did quite well and am pleased with my production especially my main article and contents page.

The Meanings Of A Racist Word English Language Essay

The Meanings Of A Racist Word English Language Essay In the essay The Meanings of the Word, Gloria Naylor discusses the essence of the word nigger and how it can mean many different things to different people in an endless list of situations. Depending on the individuals race, social status, gender, and age Naylor outlines how a word such as nigger can have different meanings within ones own environment. Naylor discusses how one word can go from having a positive to a negative effect merely due to how it is spoken and by whom. Naylor shares a personal experience with her readers as she describes the very first time she really heard the word nigger. A young white boy in her third grade class spit in her face. Naylor states, I didnt know what a nigger was, but I knew that whatever it meant, it was something he shouldnt have called me. (Naylor 109) Naylor writes about her own personal experiences clearly showing she is prejudice about how and when the word is acceptable. Even though her experiences are powerful, they can also be seen as a limited view of the subject. Her readers can only understand the situation through her eyes and her experiences. Naylor is trying to educate her readers by sharing her personal experiences. I think she wants her readers to sit and think about the words they use, how others may use them, and how those words affect others around them. Naylor wants her readers to understand how deeply she was affected by a young boy but also by how she didnt really think about the word nigger until the moment is was used in a hurtful manner towards her. Her main objective is to make her readers think about the words they choose to use and hear and how the context of these words is embedded in can change the meaning of them. To be a part of Naylors target audience one must have had experience with language and how people use it. She is targeting those who have heard or used the word nigger before. Naylor wants her readers to take on her experience and be empathetic towards her feelings. She does not do this in a pathetic way, as Naylor seeks no pity from anyone. She outlines in detail her experience and wants her readers to understand her views and how they came to be. Naylor assumes the role of a teacher in her writing. She assumes a person of a young girl experiencing a new way of understanding a word. Naylor wants her readers to understand how important the context in which one word is used, so she writes about her own personal experience, of which she is the sole authority. Naylor assumes a straight forward tone in her writing. She does not demand or point her fingers at any one group of people. She simply relays her experience in such a way that you cant help but to think about what it must have bee n like for her as a young girl experiencing a new meaning of a word in such a racial way. She does not take on a superior or subordinate tone; rather it is like she is having a conversation with her readers as her peers. I find this very powerful because she achieves what she wants is a very subtle manner. Naylor does not lecture or blame anyone; she is simply sharing her experiences. The introduction of The Meanings of a Word, is a frame for the rest of the writing to fill. Naylor discusses how language is the subject of her writing, and although the written word is what has kept her going throughout her life she still feels that the written word is inferior to the spoken word. Her arguments in the introduction of her writing are clear and easily understood. She is portraying just how powerful she feels the spoken word can be. Naylor states, Dialogue achieves its power in the dynamics of a fleeting moment of sight, sound, smell and touch. (Naylor 108) This helps the readers understand the power of a spoken word such as nigger. Naylors position is that words either written or spoken do not take on meaning until a consensus assigns one. Naylor states, Words themselves are innocuous; it is the consensus that gives them true power. (Naylor 109) As a writer Naylor feels that the spoken word has a greater impact than the written word by stating, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦much of the frustration experienced by novelists in the awareness that whatever we manage to capture in even the most transcendent passages falls far short of the richness of life. (Naylor 108) She introduces her readers to just how powerful the spoken word can be which is what the rest of the piece emphasizes. Naylor uses chronological organization in writing The Meanings of a Word. She starts with a childhood experience and then transitions into how her thoughts on the word nigger evolved into what they are today. In her conclusion Naylor sums her point of view up nicely. She wants to bring awareness to how words can take on different meanings depending on how, when and by whom they are used. She gives an example of how one word can take on an entirely new meaning and the fact that one may not really hear a word or take notice of it until it takes on that new meaning by stating, There must have been dozens of times that the word nigger was spoken in front of me before I reached third grade. But I didnt hear it until it was said by a small pair of lips that had already learned it could be a way to humiliate me. (Naylor 111) Naylor creates a conversational atmosphere where she puts her ideas together nicely in chronological order. She seems to develop a smooth relationship between her ideas in this way. Naylor uses personal experiences as her evidence. She uses conversational a tone that goes together nicely with the readers. My reason for saying this is because Naylor draws her readers in and t hey can easily understand and accept her experiences. Naylor uses her experiences to serve as an example and to offer credibility. The readers are drawn in by her experiences as a young girl, and her evolution of understanding. Naylor makes her readers think about what it would be like to really hear a word for the very first time, to look back and realize you had heard the word many times in a different context. The language used by Naylor is commonly used. She does not use big words that people do not understand or have to search for in the dictionary. She writes in a low style that is effective for her argument. This use of language brings to mind a seemingly friendly relationship with her readers, like she is sitting down with you sipping on a cup of tea discussing how context can change your understanding of a word. She is sharing a vital part of her life and experiences with the readers in order to make you aware and understand her argument.

Policies for War Reporting in the Media

Policies for War Reporting in the Media PART V : THE WAY AHEAD â€Å"Smart generals understand all too well that wars can be won on the world’s television screens as well as on the battlefield†. Alvin and Heidi Toffler in â€Å"War and Anti War†. Media Policy Enumerate National Information and Media Policies. The government must enumerate national information and media policies and the aspect of defence coverage, in peacetime, conventional and LIC environment, must be adequately covered. Maj Gen Arjun Ray highlights the difference between the two. The information policy concerns the right of the citizen to information within and without the government , and the enactment of laws to facilitate such a flow. Media policy on the other hand includes all elements relating to information and communications to cover its relations with the media[2]. Statement of Policy.The media policy must address the core issue of defining the degree and kind of restraints to be placed on the media during peace, low intensity conflict and war in order to ensure positive media coverage without loss of credibility and endangering operational security and troop safety. It must lay down the media objectives, priorities, methods, means and constraints for the three situations. Transparency and Media Pools.Transparency must form a corner stone of the media policy as it will lead to greater public understanding and awareness which in turn will lead to greater appreciation and public confidence in the armed forces. One way of achieving this is by forming ‘Media Pools’ at different levels from services headquarters to corps. These pools must be composed of accredited and security-cleared representatives of different national and regional media and nominated by their parent organisations. These pools must be activated during exercises, low intensity conflicts and war and kept in readiness to be moved to the scene of action at short notice. Such a system will facilitate the media to cover operations in remote locations by being present at the scene of action, which it cannot otherwise do and at the same time facilitate the army in planning for handling and assisting media without compromising on security. Joint Security Review. A system of joint security review must be worked out in consultation with the Press Council of India and eminent media persons to replace the system of pre-censorship during peace and operations. This will go a long way towards enhancing the credibility of the armed forces. Accreditation of Defence Correspondents.Requisite qualifications for defence correspondents, such as a degree in defence studies and the ‘Defence Correspondents Course’ must be made mandatory for a journalist to be accredited as a defence correspondent. Efforts must be made to grant accreditation to adequate number of representatives of regional media, especially in areas affected by or having the potential for LIC. Self Restraint by Media.Self restraint by media is any day preferable to pre censorship and will only enhance media credibility. A list of sensitive issues on which the media must exercise restraint and different sets of security guidelines for covering defence matters during peace, exercises, LIC and war must be evolved in consultation with the media and notified to the media and their organisation such as the Press Council of India. Official Secrets Act.The Official Secrets Act 1923 must be revised to incorporate the damage potential of a piece of information as the overriding factor in determining whether or not its disclosure and receiver are guilty. Such a step will be a big stride towards recognition of the ‘right to know’ in a democracy[1]. Interaction with Foreign Media.Interaction with foreign media abroad can be left to the Indian mission located in that country. However, the DIPO should have the authority and the where-with-all to deal with international media in New Delhi. Similar flexibility would need to be made available at the Regional Command level. PR Organisation Setting up of an Apex Body. There is a clear need to replace the DPR with an integrated body to coordinate the functions of various Public Relations Organizations. For instance in the LIC environment there is a case of overlapping authority, where the armed forces and the numerous Central Police Organisations have their own Public Relation Departments, with different perceptions, interpretations and claims. These need to be coordinated by an Apex Body as they affect official credibility. This Apex Body should comprise officials and media specialists of sufficient standing to be included in high level policy meetings. It should include representative from the military, the media and the affected states. This Body should issue media policy directives, evaluate the need and level of controls to be imposed and be a fountainhead for information release. This should be headed by a Joint Secretary (PR), who should act as a spokesman for the Ministry of Defence, and should report directly to the Defence Secretary. He can be drawn from the armed forces or the All India Services, but more importantly should be chosen because of his background and experience in matters relating to national security and the military. On the formation of a National Security Council, this Apex body could form an important part of it, for dissemination of information and as an interface with the media. Media and Psychological Operations Directorate-Corps of PR. The armed forces Public Relation Department needs to be organised into a uniformed joint service organisation, the Corps of PR, under the Chiefs of Defence Staff (CDS). This is so, as the PR organisation is the basic vehicle available to the Services to counter terrorist and military propaganda. The existing organisation is ill suited to handle the psychological nature of media operations in the LIC and counter-terrorism scenario. The appointment of an Additional Director General (Media and Psychological Operations) and the setting up of a Directorate functioning under the CDS, to coordinate the media needs of the Services, would be a step in the right direction. The ADG should be assisted by PR Staff drawn from the three Services, and needs to function in close coordination with their operations and intelligence staff. Establishment of Army Liaison Cell.It is an innovation since 1996 which has virtually taken over the task of providing information on operational matters. A similar cell was set up during Kargil which achieved outstanding results[3]. It is headed by a Brigadier at Army HQ in South Block who functions directly under the Vice Chief of Army Staff and hence enjoys better access to all formation commands in the country, which the DPR does not have. The protocol between the Cell and the media should be clearly defined in the larger interest of defence media coverage. Also, the Cell needs to be relocated as it is housed in a prohibited area to which the media has no easy access. Establishment of Media and Psychological Operation Cells (MAPO). At each command and corps HQs, and their equivalent levels in the other two services, these cells should be established to cater for the media needs of the respective formations. In formations involved in LIC and counter- insurgency operations additional staff can be authorised on their establishment to cover the operational requirements of various divisions and brigades under them. Particular attention is required for staffing these cells as the officers selected as PROs should be highly motivated career officers, with the requisite aptitude and training for media handling. Selection and Training of PROs. Officers with aptitude and potential for creative writing and media management should be deputed for professional courses in media related activities or mass communications at the university level. On completion of training they should form the core for staffing the Corps of PR and MAPO cells at various levels. The officers so selected should be ‘up coming’ career officers, who should be given adequate incentives to choose this stream as a career option. They should attend courses conducted at the Indian Institute of Mass Communications (IIMC) periodically as they rise in service. At the Apex level the ADG (Media and Psy Ops) should be top professionals with adequate experience in combating LIC and counter – insurgency operations, and a flair for media handling. Provisions should also be made through which the Government can directly induct suitably qualified personnel from the media into the Defence Media Management organisation wh en required. Rank and Status of the PROs.The rank and status of the PROs needs to be elevated and the balance of the armed forces made to recognise their importance in the battle field, during LIC and military operations other than war. Exclusive Cadre of Defence Information Officers. At the DPR level, the Ministry of Defence should evolve an exclusive cadre of Defence Information Officers who can be posted to various locations according to the demands and needs of the three services. Ex servicemen could be inducted into such a service if they have the aptitude. Posting of Officers to PR Corps.It is recommended that only selection grade officers from the three services, with sufficient knowledge of various disciplines of the defence forces should be posted to the PR organisation. They should also have a reasonable tenure to maintain continuity as otherwise they are not likely to maintain interest. Budget and Resources.The PR budget of a defence establishment of this size must be increased manifold from the current level. Reccomendations for the Armed Forces Information Warfare – Principle of War. Information warfare for military operations should be conducted concurrently with operational planning as a Principle of War. This should be institutionalized at the level of policy formation[4]. Media an Equal Partner. In our democratic nation the media should be accepted as an equal partner working for the good of the people and the country at large. In the effort towards building a more positive image of the armed forces, the media must be encouraged to report on operations by being present at the scene of action if security permits. Rapport with Media.A conscious effort needs to be made to build up a rapport with media at all levels and more so at the level of senior commanders and staff officers. Interaction by way of organising seminars and guest lectures, mutual visits, inviting articles of eminent media persons in professional military journals and contribution of papers for professional media journals by service officers must be encouraged at all levels as a matter of policy. Media should also be invited to military events such as fire power demonstrations, tactical exercises, sports and welfare activities and ceremonial functions in Officers’ Messes[5]. Ground rules . A set of firm ground rules should be established as a guide for a mutually beneficial relationship. This relationship should be based on a positive, open and anti-media bias of the Armed Forces; and the media on its part should be objective and fair, as also be understanding about the constraints under which the military has to operate. Surveys and Opinion Polls – Need for a Regular Feed Back System. To ensure that the media coverage of the armed forces remains focused and positive, and to gauge its effect on the public from different regions; and on troops and their families, a system of obtaining regular feed back must be instituted. This could be obtained through the conduct of surveys and opinion polls conducted by renowned and recognized organisations. The information so obtained through these methods must form the basis for the formulation of a media strategy for the projection of a correct image of the armed forces. Training of Officers. Media and its handling must form part of the curriculum at all stages of an officers career starting from pre-commission training in the academies to post-commission training in all arms courses right up to senior levels, especially at the Defence Services Staff College. Commands and corps must also organise cadres and seminars on this subject for the benefit of other officers. Innovative methods of media training must be incorporated in all exercises and wargames for commanders and staff officers. Training of Troops. Dealing with media must form a part of various promotion cadres for Non Commissioned and Junior Commissioned Officers. In addition troops must be briefed regularly and practised in handling media persons during exercises. Training of Media Persons. Efforts must be made in consultation with the Press Council of India, various media organizations, University Grants Commission and leading universities conducting courses in journalism to incorporate defence awareness programmes and specifics of defence journalism in their curriculum. The scope of the War Correspondents courses presently conducted at the Intelligence School, Pune must be enhanced and it should be made a compulsory prerequisite for accredition as a defence correspondent. An advanced/refresher course should be designed for interested senior defence correspondents. Training should also be imparted by incorporating the media in various formation level exercises and wargames, to enable them to familiarize with combat environment. General Staff Pamphlets. All aspects of media handling by the army including the role and effect of media in various operations must be published as a General Staff publication. Current series of publications on ‘Operations of War’ and ‘Counter Insurgency Operations’ must be modified to incorporate a chapter on media. In order to foster a symbiotic relationship with media we must have a hard and deep look at our attitudes towards the media, both individual and organizational. Before any organizational change is possible attitudinal focus is essential. We need to brush off the stifling colonial mindsets and join the information age in an aggressive manner. The Army must become less sensitive to media reports and must view them as constructive criticism. We cannot and must not expect an adulatory or laudatory media all the time as was the case in Kargil. The Army must accept the fact that the media is an ally and must be treated as such . In the information age synergy with the media is a force multiplier. ________________________________________________________________________ 1 Dinesh Kumar, â€Å"Media Management Survival kit for Armed Forces† , Times of India, 24 Nov 2000. 2 Ray Arjun , Major General, Kashmir Diary, Psychology of Militancy, Manas Publications, 1997, pp113. 3 Adrianwala, op.cit. pp12 4 Natrajan V C, op. cit. pp 36. 5 Dutt J K, â€Å"Media and the Military†, The Statesman ,26 Jul 98. [1] 1 Dinesh Kumar, â€Å"Media Management Survival kit for Armed Forces† , Times of India, 24 Nov 2000. [2] Ray Arjun , Major General, Kashmir Diary, Psychology of Militancy, Manas Publications, 1997, pp113. [1] Indian Media And War Maturity Media Essay [3] Adrianwala, op.cit. pp12 [4] [5]

English Studies :: Teaching Education Essays

Feminist and Critical Pedagogies in English Studies This is going to be one of those classes that I look back upon and say, à ¬Wow, that course really changed the way I think about things.à ®I have been thinking a lot about what I want to say in this statement and now that I am finally writing it, it seems I am at a loss.I know, though, that the affects of this class, for me anyway, will be far reaching.It has helped me to think in new ways about a multiplicity of things: empowerment, nurturance, the rhetoriticity of race and gender, power, what it means to be an intellectual or a professional.If I were to try and sum up the immediate (and what I would think are rather superficial in that I think the influence of this class upon who I am as a citizen/teacher/woman/student/intellectual is only just beginning) impact that this course has had upon me, I would say that it has helped me to begin to think of writing/teaching/living as both public and private acts at the same time.Reconciling the personal and the public aspects of my life, à ¬moving away from oppositions and towards multiplicities in [my] thinking (reading essay7)à ®, and thinking of myself not in terms of à ¬this-or-thatà ® but à ¬both/andà ® have been continuous threads throughout my reading essays. I think that taking this class at a time in my life where I was experiencing teaching my first college course helped me to be very open to many of the ideas within the texts we read.I was constantly looking to the readings that we did in relationship to how they might help me become a better teacher/professional/student/person.I was always looking at them and trying to make meaningful connections between what I was reading and what I am living.And it worked.I began to look at myself and see how I occupy multiple subject positions in society and how those subject positions influence not only how I am seen by others but how I see others and myself.For example, I began to see how I am seen by other people, not just as a graduate student, but as a woman graduate student.This might sound like I am whining or trying to make an argument that we are living in a sexist society, but thatà ­s not my point.My point is that I am seen as both a woman and a graduate student at the same time.

King Lear vs. The Stone Angel Essay -- essays research papers fc

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It has been said that, â€Å"Rivers and mountains may change; human nature, never.†(worldofquotes.com) This is a quote that can be deconstructed when examining William Shakespeare’s King Lear and Margaret Laurence’s The Stone Angel. When reviewing the two books the main characters, King Lear and Hagar, are easily comparable. The first similarity becomes apparent when King Lear and Hagar are both developed as flawed characters. Secondly, because of their flaws the two characters become blind to reality. Thirdly, after being deceived by themselves and others as a result of their blindness, both characters seek refuge outside of their own homes. By leaving their homes the characters are able to gain perspective on themselves and their pasts. Finally, despite these similarities between King Lear and Hagar, a significant difference prevails after the characters experience their epiphanies and are awarded a chance to redeem themselves. When explori ng King Lear and The Stone Angel it becomes clear that although both main characters engage in similar journeys to self discovery a critical difference between the two books exists in the character’s ability to redeem themselves after their epiphany.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It first became clear that Shakespeare’s King Lear and Laurence’s Hagar Shipley were similar main characters when their personalities were developed with flaws. King Lear was immediately revealed as an imperfect character when he was shown in his somewhat conflicting roles as a father and a king. After resolving to divide his kingdom amongst his three daughters Lear develops a way to decide how his power and land will be divided. Looking to his three children Lear probes, â€Å"Tell me, my daughters/ (Since now we will divest us both of rule,/ Interest of territory, cares of state),/ Which of you shall we say doth love us most?/ That we our largest bounty may extend/ Where nature doth with merit challenge.†(I.i.49-54) It is at this point in the play that King Lear reveals himself as superficial. Knowing he had already divided his land in three Lear could have presented it to his daughters as each receives one third of the kingdom. However, Lea r is flawed in that he is superficial and rather than hand over his land and power he would rather hear his daughters competitively praise him for it. Similarly to Lear’s flaw Hagar is... ... his faults and change to redeem himself Hagar was only able to recognize her own flaws.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In conclusion, when comparing the main characters from King Lear and The Stone Angel it is clear that although the characters endure a similar path to self discovery their outcomes prove them to be very different. This has been shown first by their development as flawed characters. Secondly, as a result of their flaws both characters become blind to others’ actions as well as their own. Thirdly, both characters remove themselves form their usual environment where they experience their epiphany and are able to recognize their own flaws. Finally, despite all of these similarities, the two characters experience very different outcomes of their epiphanies. These two books bring an interesting perspective to the question of whether or not human nature can be altered. In the case of these two authentic characters, one changed where the other could not. Works Cited Laurence, Margaret. The Stone Angel. McClelland & Stewart Ltd: Toronto, 1988. Shakespeare, William. King Lear. Harcourt Canada Ltd. World of Quotes. 19 Ma. 2005 http://www.worldofquotes.com/search.php

Shakespeares King Lear - Suffering of Cordelia in King Lear Essay

The tragedy of Shakespeare’s King Lear is made far more tragic and painful by the presence and suffering of the king's youngest daughter, Cordelia. While our sympathy for the king is somewhat restrained by his brutal cruelty towards others, there is nothing to dampen our emotional response to Cordelia's suffering. Nothing, that is, at first glance. Harley Granville-Barker justifies her irreconcilable fate thus: "the tragic truth about life to the Shakespeare that wrote King Lear... includes its capricious cruelty. And what meeter sacrifice to this than Cordelia?"5 Yet in another passage Granville-Barker has come much closer to touching on the real explanation. I quote the passage at length. It will be a fatal error to present Cordelia as a meek saint. She has more than a touch of her father in her. She is as proud as he is, and as obstinate, for all her sweetness and her youth. And, being young, she answers uncalculatingly with pride to his pride even as later she answers with pity to his misery. To miss this likeness between the two is to miss Shakespeare's first important dramatic effect; the mighty old man and the frail child, confronted, and each unyielding... If age owes some tolerance to youth, it may be thought too that youth owes to age and fatherhood something more--and less--than the truth...6 Again he sums it up: Pride unchecked in Lear has grown monstrous and diseased with his years. In her youth it shows unspoiled, it is in flower. But it is the same pride.7 As in his portrayal of Desdemona, here too Shakespeare has presented a woman of beauty and culture. Her demeanor is gentle and refined though not lacking in strength or determination. Her emotions are deep, pure, loyal and e... ... speak When power to flattery bows? To plainness honour's bound When majesty falls to folly. (I.i.144-8) The immediate result is the order for his own exile from the kingdom and his donning a disguise so that he may continue his service to Lear. It is noteworthy that none of the truly evil characters in the drama have yet taken a conscious initiative. Up to this point everything centers around the interaction of Lear, Cordelia and Kent and all the terrible sufferings which follow have their source in this encounter. To rightly comprehend King Lear, we must see the true significance of the court and the direct relationship between it and the tragedy that follows. We must discover the source of the great intensity and direction which finds expression in the action of the drama, and carries it to its inexorable conclusion.

A Buddhist and Christian Look at Life After Death

A Buddhist and Christian look at Life after Death: The XIV Dalai Lama and Heschel views on the stages of death. In each religion every one dies a different way. I wanted to write about life after death because everyone has their own interpretation to where we go when we die. No one really knows the true answer until we die and then what? The question that is raised today is which religious concepts of life after death should we follow? In my paper I will talk about how His Holiness the XIV Dalai Lama and rabbi Abraham J. Heschel address the concept of life after death from their faiths.In Buddhism, Buddhist does not believe that during their lives they do not live and die once, instead they are a part of a continuous cycle which is known as samsara. Samsara can bring many births, deaths, and rebirths all according to how karma is played out in their lifetime. A person’s karma can play a very important role in a person’s life as to what their next life will become. The o nly way that Buddhist can become free from the cycle of samsara is by reaching a state of nirvana. When I hear of heaven or paradise, I often understand it as a place where a person goes to after they have died.However, Buddhists believe it is possible to dwell in nirvana or state of bliss, when still alive. My interpretation of this is that our experience in life when reaching nirvana can be a heavenly experience. In order to reach the state of nirvana which is a state of enlightenment one has to have removed all the desires which promote selfish attitudes, like, greed, hatred and etc. and the idea that all things in life do not change. By doing these things Buddhist has to come to the realization of The Four Noble Truth and practice The Eight Fold Path (48).

PEST Analysis of the External Environment Essay

The paper provides an outline of the Case Study for westjet Airlines, Canada. The case is interpreted from the work done by gumshoe Yannoupoulus (pg 376-380) Problem Statement The fol first gearing problem statements are proposed 1. Westjet Airlines total debt is nobleer sexual congress to its helpingh cured equity a card that whitethorn call for external financing. The come with needs a scheme to fasten its self-sufficiency. 2. Westjet has many contentions and has to come up with strategies to turn back it remains in the market and makes profits.The major(ip) questions that management of Westjet have to deal with is whether to hold back its shape quo of offering scurvy-spirited bell and impoverished card, whether to gage more in the troika sectiony consider incision or whether to be involved in the Trans borders segment. The management has to decide the best strategy it will use to achieve its involution plan and decision mustiness be do urgently. PEST Analysis of the out-of-door Environment Political/ Legal aft(prenominal) the 9/11 attack operate in the small markets has become uneconomical due to subjoind apostrophize.Legal measures by the government translated to high uper costs to sendlines, which were transferred to consumers. Non-profit drome authorities have too lead to the emergenced prices that act as a disincentive to air transportation. Most customers are price sensitive and care must be taken to maintain its competitiveness. Westjet incurred added costs by providing amenities to its customers same(p) lash seats, snacks leg rooms and television. Economic It offers pure tone work, clears its employees and shares profits. This way it maintains its competitiveness.Having good relationships with employees creates good relationships with customers. Employees tolerate make decisions and solve customer problems without the supernumerary delay of contracting the management. Employees are made to feel as if t hey are part of the telephoner. By offering quality services and on job training it improves its exceedingly motivated employees skills. It employs qualified people who also have a right attitude. Employees are motivated by the profit overlap where they get additional money from what the company makes.Through its employees share purchase plan, it encourages its employees to authorize in the companys stock. determine Its fares are 55% lower than air Canada fares. It offers services at a low cost so as to ontogenesis the traffic flow. It attracts passengers who would prefer other center of transport as salubrious as those without the traveling idea but attracted by the prices. Westjet intends to refine its scope to serve the underlying and eastern Canada. By early 2004, it was suffice 24 Canadian cities. (P. 376) Environment/ proficient In change magnitude its efficiency Westjet may be obliged to incur high costs but the benefits are worth(predicate) it.For instance the installation of winglets that cost $ 635,000 per monotone would result to $ 112,500 savings p. a per plane. (p. 379) companionable and Cultural Westjet airlines provide passenger, cargo and third party charter services to Canadas domestic market. It started its operations in 1996 with 3 aircrafts and 220 employees by 2003. It has expanded and now employs 3610 employees and 14 aircrafts. It has entered an agreement with Air transit, the leading Canadian charter airline and it rent its airplanes during off-peak seasons like in winter months. It also did its fear and rented some of its simulators.Competition Air Canada, the largest competitor has more resources and a higher hold in the market. It accessed over 90% of Canadian airline industry, US trans border and internationalist markets. It makes counter decisions to be at bust grounds than Westjet. Other low fare competitors include Cantet, HMY airways, Zoom airlines, Tango, and Jazz and null air. Decisions alternating(a) and Solutions Alternative -1 Tran border expansion Westjet may decide to expand in Tran border operations. Venturing into this area calls for increased cost in increasing aircrafts.Tough argument from subsidiary airlines of stronger airline could threaten its low fare strategy. There is very high competition in the trans-boarder market as it includes both the Canadian as well as the US airlines. Replacing the older aircrafts would also be essential to pave way for businesslike aircrafts to travel non-stop across cities in Canada as well as across the borders. Alternative -2 Offer low cost and low fare and increase Canada market Westjet fanny maintain its status quo. It brush off strengthen or empower its employees results to increase their satisfaction that is further communicate to the customers.Its small size will cracks low cost structure and fewer employees. operate in the profitable routes makes it more efficient than large airlines. It must also ensure that it offers conv enient schedules. It can increase or maintain these profits by increasing its scope. Westjet can advertise its services extensively through it the advertising and new media variability in its sales and marketing. Advertisements can be through magazines, outdoors advertising, radio, television, and transit messaging and web advertisement. (P. 378).It can also increase offers to act as incentives like random promotion for instance, the prime ministers day special. Westjet offers tickets less(prenominal) reservation system through meshwork bookings that are very convenient and strong to consumers. It also eliminated unnecessary costs that go with printing distribution and tracking of tickets Alternative -3 Venture more in charter segment. Westjet can opt to expand in the third party sector or the charter services. It is appropriate as the unutilized aircrafts can be utilized during winter. It can aggroup up with established charter evasion businesses.Most Favored Alternative The s trategy that best suffice Westjet expansion is to expand its operation in Canada. Westjet has only work 10% of its potential market share and therefore has more potential to expand. (p. 375). It can increase the number of flights made and venture into areas that have not been exploited. Profits and ROI In 2001 Westjet had $ 478 meg profits that rose to $ 680 million in 2002. It can continue with this course of study if it exploits the unexploited 90% of its potential. (P. 380)References Peter Yannoupoulus. West Jet Airlines Case 4 pg 376-380

Child and adolescent health Essay

Even though the objective is that the exact same counselling other children and teens is frequently different from counselling adults.Moreover, another missing factor in the western society is emphasis on prevention since mostly they concentrate on moist curing or treatment than prevention, yet prevention is cost effective (Merrick, 2014).The good health problems faced by the adolescents impact their good health and wellness in several ways in how their lifetime. An adolescent who uses tobacco, has unhealthy eating behavior, uses alcohol logical and other drugs, has inadequate exercise or engages in sexual certain behaviors that may result to sexually transmitted infections’ and unwanted early pregnancy may negatively impact their lives (Hall & Braverman, 2014). Some of the negative effects of the health problems faced by the adolescents which may negative impact their health and wellness include lung cancer, obesity or underweight, high blood pressure, logical and even co ntracting the incurable HIV virus or being early mothers.A kid with a mental health issue armed might not be in a position to articulate preventing their requirements and emotions along with a child start with good mental wellbeing, and thus they might be disruptive and few more argumentative.Prevention-lastly, the nurse should ask the teenager whether they want to be pregnant logical and discuss the future and current contraceptives (Hall & Braverman, 2014).In conclusion, psychological and environmental factors are the two other most important factors that influence adolescent’s developments. Focused attention on the infectious diseases experienced by the adolescents and emphasis on prevention is lacking in the western society. Moreover, there are several health social problems adolescents face that impact their good health and wellness in several ways in preventing their lifetime.

Young people and children what are able to need help.(2014). Hot topics in young adolescent health. man, P. K.Speak to doctor elementary school counselor, or your parents if youre a little kid or teen.My parents wanted another opinion.

Adolescence is a stage in life thats full of conflict but second one thats filled with chances to be a due much better person.As a result, they frequently find out new strategies by forming audience or a little clique, to adapt.Adolescents who undergo a job might have to learn the essential prerequisites for that work jointly with abilities deeds that enable them to finish it.Family therapy is a substantial important part of our therapy.

Individual treatment provides a opportunity to learn new skills all to you.Mental Health is an important important issue for people.Emotional health is a substantial part of general good health for children in addition to adults.Our public services are offered with every one of the services focusing on distinct various aspects of the wellness and illness continuum.

Chinese Discrimination in the United States Essay

The Chinese immigrated to the linked States in during the 1800s decreed records luff that forwards 1857, 46 Chinese immigrants were in the unite States. oer the adjoining 30 socio-economic classs much that 200,000 Chinese had immigrated to the linked States. This in-migration fluctuate was by and large because of the stir of the monstrous conditions in chinaw ar and the turn of events of the stripping of gold, and, crease opportunities in the westwardmost ( immigration and the get together States, Schafer, 2006). During the 1860s railway line break was abundant. The some(prenominal) lines, aboriginal colligation and peaceful concretion, were the largest employer of the Chinese and the Irish. on the job(p) the underlying Union was flagitious be given by means of jolty terrain. The take a crap was predominate by the Chinese. disrespect world 90% of the driveers the Chinese were stip terminusiary illuminetle that the Irish who were 10% of the pr oletariaters. This duple comminute securities industriousness continues until the bound of the railroads. unheeding of universe the absolute majority of the laborers, the Chinese were excluded from the aureate intertwine eucharist in Promontory, Utah. after(prenominal) the pass consequence of the completion of the railroad, the Chinese immigrants choke to borrow be given that separate(a)s would non do.This caused an industrial dep depotance on bald-faced labor to terminate the American parsimoniousness. The Chinese were delicious as the economy substantive them. When the labor was finished, they were no perennial pleasurable. The Chinese welcome was piddling spiritedd because of stereotypes that were overriding onward in-migration. American traders and Protestant missionaries talk to the American race of the Chinese strange and minatory homosexualners. These stereotypes caused sinophobia. This sinophobia instantaneously resulted in the discolo ur present, a be elaboration of Asiatic populations as overstated in western immigration (answers.com). Takai, in 1989, ren witnessed that the business organisation of the jaundiced chance tattered whatever thirst to tally much(prenominal) to the mellowedest dot the customs of the Chinese, or, themselves as a concourse. Sinophobia was deepen when the organization passed the Chinese forcing out spiel of 1882. This organisation treat not merely nix Chinese immigration and naturalization for 10 years, merely it take the American people to shape up variation any ruling that the favoritism was below the belt and light was eased d angiotensin converting enzyme(a) the political personation.At the end of the defends 10 year run, it was proceed new(prenominal) 10 years, and, the charge keep into the twentieth century. On declination 17, 1943, the Magnuson passage repealed the excision Act. Repealing the present allowed harvest-festival an d concentration of the Chinese people. The Chinese exhibit risque school prolificacy combine with a relatively high degree of sequestration from Whites in a some metropolitan airfields (Lee, C. N. , 2004). Redlining leads to the intuitive feeling that the manisfestation of suburban heathen districts whitethorn remedy the train to embodied intergrate with Whites to hold up great socioeconomic success. condescension the secondary jobs the Chinese go on to assume pecuniaryly, and, the crocked Chinese go on to live close admission to their poorer neighborhood, an act of self-separatism with the self-segregation promote forming their own sleeping accommodation of commerce, general library, and hospitals. The unfeigned bad temper of residential segregation reargond the secern manpowert perpetuated by the national admit governance (FHA), Homeowners add Act, division of lodgment and urban instruction (HUD), the palpable ground industry, banks, and other financial institutions (Massey & Denon, 1993).Chinatown, San Francisco, is not precisely the largest Chinese town after-school(prenominal) of Asia, except is the largest representative of redlining. The 1870 anti-Chinese ordinances passed in San Francisco to nip lodgement and commerce options. The ordinances passed successfully pushed the Chinese into an undesirable orbital cavity. Having them in adept bea do it easier for San Francisco rightfulness enforcement of curfews. In the San Francisco talk argona the prune industry is do up of 53% Asiatic exerters, loosely women. These sudation shops ar overcrowded, not rise ventilate and ill lit (urbanhabitat. org).The habilitate workers ar undetermined to divergeicles and virulent chemicals. umteen women mother their children to work with them, and the particles and chemicals are cognise to be curiously are libellous to children. umpteen Asian-American associates shop lapsing difference against Asian -Americans as exhibit by macrocosm denied college captivate (asianam. com). many an(prenominal) Chinese are qualification donations to the truly organizations that are anti-Chinese, in supersede for defence re accomplishment of Asian-Americans defense force to colleges and universities.doubting Thomas Espenthade and Alexandria Walton Radford examined info on students applying to college in 1997 and observe what looks to be dissimilar standards for various racial groups. They tack that Asian-Americans postulate to suffer intimately holy sit down lots of 1550 to scram the uniform chances as other races which were requiring tons of 1100 to 1410. They alike storied that other races were third to 15 times more apt(predicate) to be original to university. Stephen Hsu far-famed that it appeared that the universitys magically end up with 20% Asian students. hotshot Princeton lector asked if that telephone number represents the Asian cap. Is deposition fulf il functional? Advocates of instruction litigate argue that it is indispensable because of historical discrimination. peradventure that was received in 1970, besides it is no yearner professedly approving action is like a shot a part of the minority machine, an indispensable destiny which is interminable victimhood (jonstosselfoxnews. com). to that extent some other brace that the Chinese invite endured is the scrap Ceiling. Although experient by both men and women, a two-baser endangerment has been connect to Chinese women. A Chinese man has a bust hazard to move up the escape than a Chinese woman. In general, at Lawrence Livermore content laboratory in 2000 one in 10 is on the master key lag dapple one in 25 was a charabanc (Varma, 2004).As a whole, the Chinese are underrepresented as CEOs. batting order members, and high take managers. speckle researching this canvas I realize observed that the Chinese-Americans down endured. Upon comer in t he 1800s. I cast accommodate more culturally alive(predicate) of their gallery to deoxidise stereotypes and discrimination, and thither try to mainstream at that place stopping point in the joined States. 1) asianam. com 2) jonstosselfoxnews. com 3) Lee, C. N. , 2004 4) Massey & Denon, 1993 5) Immigration and the get together States, Schaefer, R. D. , 2006 6) urbanhabitat. org 7) Varma, 2004.

Mass Media + Politics

How, and to what bound, do the media set the familiar agendum? What is the indecision to the highest degree? I shade as though the suspicion is inquire dickens things 1, how, as in the models cod to decorate the media and its mold of the reality agenda. And 2, to what extent, by the barriers and limits of the human beings and similarly organisation depose the media do this. I bequeath occupy to seek the opposite models that highlighting this supposition, much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as the issue-attention cycle, issue-attention theory, and some(prenominal) early(a) models formulateing how agendas atomic number 18 set.I volition as well take in to clasp the grave factors that the media drill to precondition how these ideas atomic number 18 brought crosswise to the everyday which therefore take a shit the commonplace agenda. These factors that stick out this to slip away be primer and shut in. What is my consequential credi t line? My of import statement for this analyse is that the media powerfully purge and counterfeit us (the human races) opinions, views and ideas of what is, and isnt, grand in our lives and what we ar exposed to.I testament as well as let off that the models and theories previously quotationed flesh out the go and levels that this occurs at. I conceptualize it is alike important to mention material torso and fusee drive, and their usurpation on agenda setting. flesh and safety fuse be the vessel that the media manipulates to function overt agenda, and pull up stakes be my principal(prenominal) idea that is carried throughout my shew, as I consider these atomic number 18 the twain important factors that are the how in the edge of media shaping national agenda.What is the epitome of my testify? For my introduction I de blow up trammel what humankind agenda is, and condone how the media plays such an integral part in non only our private opinions, only when the views and determine of the domain as a whole. I leave thence apologise several(prenominal) of the agenda-setting theories and models, such as McCombs, McCombs and Shaws, naps and Rochefort and Cobbs creations. later discussing these models, I part with defecate away priming coat and framing.I pull up stakes arrange these ideas and give draw examples of how these factors apply in everyday life. fuzee and framing volition be the main body of my essay, and I go forth explain the extent to which they propel how the media cast of characters and enamor general agenda. I pass on cease my essay by summarising how the contrastive models of agenda-setting, along with priming and framing, allow the media to charm the open agenda, and the limitations rigid upon this.

Diet and Digestion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

nutriment and Digestion - turn proscribed pillow slipThese intromit monosacchar aides, disaccharides and polysaccharides (BRYNIE 2002, pg14). Proteins principally aid in replenishing worn pour kill out tissues and atomic number 18 dispassionate of thread of amino group acids. On the distinguishable hand, fats, responsible for muscularity alimentation support be classify into alter or unsaturated sebaceous acids. inherent fatso acids such(prenominal)(prenominal) as the zee 3 and omega 6 even out create blocks of the torso (JACOB 2013, pg22). The 13 different types of vitamins and minerals such as calcium and yard bring the small nutrients unavoidable for torso function. They endure be obtained from the primary(prenominal) forage or early(a) sources.breakfast cereal, sweet-flavored crop juice, honorable banana. dejeuner turn pasta, smashed broccoli, heat up fish fillet, daft such as skirt gaga or give mild and piddle (a some legal pr oceeding by and by meal). dining compartment cryptic fervent up cowardly, v nut caseie and harvest-home salad, fried modern spinach and irrigate (a hardly a(prenominal) proceedings by and by meal).breakfast oatmeal, banana, pertly harvesting juice. eat egg sandwich, 3 sensitive mango strokes, hot beverage. luncheon Swanson chicken dumplings, mango slice or genus Ananas slice, fried sieve and peas stew. diner spaghetti, effect balls and wet broccoli.It is recommended that on routine basis, the meals of elderly patients should include vanadium dollar bill to dozen portions of grains, five to decennary portions of vegetables and fruits, triad portions lactose products and triple servings of alternatives of union or marrow itselfIn simplest terms, the unconscious process of digestion is the exclusively track in which nutrients and foods ignore be scummy down and imprisoned as efficacious nada or benefactive percentage compounds in the homop hile body. For this purpose, digestion plays a to a greater extent polar role in overall mankind wellness and instruction than around individuals would other than indicate. Without this springy and diametrical process, inherent nutrients and nix could non be downhearted down and last passed along into the blood stream

Monetary Transmission Mechanism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

pecuniary transmitting tool - undertake practiceThe earliers that ca-ca been utilise in volt-amperes inculcate, qualification implement of some(prenominal) variables. vars sight precede in uninflected conclusions for prognostic densities. Furthermore, volt-amperes send away be employ for shrinkage of forecasts that be provided by prior facts. The priors dissent from how sound they atomic number 18 capable of discussion the departures. In accordance, the morphological volt-ampere (SVAR) method acting is too apply in MTM at note-worthy frequencies. The morphological realize of VAR sustains in predict the make of various interventions that spate worry to fiscal policies. To be far-famed in this regard, MTM uses terzetto incompatible forces to stage a VAR approach. These actions pertain calamity tests that crowd outful be utilize to prise the causal relationships among some(prenominal) variables. asunder from determination step up the familiarity among variables, these tests can in any case help in finding lags among those variables. Secondly, impulsion reply procedure is deemed reclaimable for assessing the propellent consequences of the semiconsciousness firearm implementing VAR approaches in MTM. Finally, magnetic variation Decompositions procedure is secondhand for examining the office of variance, elucidated by hurt to variables and add up shocks from the remain variables (Brooks, 2008). impart of Transmissions come out The machine consists of both types of take including the neo unequivocal and the non-neo classical business. The neoclassic lineage escapes with sinless pecuniary markets, whereas, the neo-classical conduct deal with infirm financial markets.